Jimmy Carter (1924-2024), who died at age 100, is the closest thing American public life has produced to a Disciple Level answer on this test. The former president spent decades after leaving office building homes with Habitat for Humanity, teaching Sunday school at his Baptist church in Plains, Georgia — nearly every Sunday for four decades — mediating international conflicts, fighting disease in Africa, and writing books about his faith. He left the Southern Baptist Convention when it voted that women could not serve as pastors. He criticized Israel’s treatment of Palestinians when it was politically costly. He championed LGBTQ rights as his views evolved. He lived in the same modest home he always had. He never sought personal wealth from his presidency. By any fair reading of what Jesus actually taught, Jimmy Carter — progressive evangelical, Sunday school teacher, hammer-wielder for the poor — comes as close to the real thing as this list gets.

Here it is — the punchline that happens to be true. New York City’s new Muslim mayor, a democratic socialist who has never claimed Christianity, scores at Disciple Level on a test of Jesus’s actual teachings. His career has been built on: housing the homeless (check), feeding the hungry via free bus fares and grocery access (check), welcoming the stranger — he is himself an immigrant who fought ICE operations (check), healing the sick via universal healthcare advocacy (check), rejecting the accumulation of personal wealth in favor of public good (check), and speaking truth to power at significant personal cost (check). He has condemned violence by all parties. He has stood with LGBTQ communities as a Muslim, which took actual courage. He is not Christian. Jesus, who ministered to Samaritans and Romans and spoke kindly to the despised tax collector, might find this less surprising than the rest of us.

The first American pope, elected in May 2025, spent two decades as a missionary among the poor in Peru. He chose his papal name to honor Leo XIII, the pope of workers’ rights and social justice. He publicly rebuked JD Vance on social media (‘Jesus doesn’t ask us to rank our love for others’), opposed family separation at the border, took positions on climate change and the poor consistent with Francis, and explicitly said he wants to be ‘close to the people he serves, to walk with them, to suffer with them.’ His 2012 position on homosexuality was traditional Catholic doctrine and costs him some points — but his overall record of actually serving the poor, refusing personal luxury, and speaking truth to power puts him firmly in Advanced Follower territory, just below Disciple. The irony of the Pope not quite making Disciple Level is left as an exercise to the reader.

The Texas state representative and ordained minister is one of the most theologically consistent politicians in the country. He regularly cites scripture in policy debates, has spoken directly about how Jesus’s teachings demand action on poverty, immigration, and gun violence, and has faced down the Texas Republican establishment with what can only be described as reckless Gospel-based courage. He is essentially what this test is looking for. Almost Disciple Level — loses a few points only because perfect political consistency is hard to achieve at scale.

The Georgia senator is also the pastor at Ebenezer Baptist Church — the church of Martin Luther King Jr. — and has made his faith the operational center of his political life. His advocacy for voting rights, healthcare, the poor, and criminal justice reform is consistent and scripture-informed. His record of translating the Gospels into legislative action is among the most genuine in American political life. Nearly Disciple Level.

The reverend-turned-congressman has spent decades at the intersection of the Gospel and civil rights advocacy. His voting record consistently champions the poor, the marginalized, and racial justice — all core Jesus curriculum. Loses a few points for standard Democratic hawkishness on some foreign policy votes, but his on-the-ground ministry record is genuinely impressive. Would ace the WWJD scenarios.

Booker is a Baptist senator from New Jersey whose entire public life is a direct expression of the Gospel’s social demands. He grew up attending an AME church and now worships at Metropolitan Baptist Church in Newark — but his faith is most visible in what he’s done with it. As a young attorney he moved into the notorious Brick Towers housing project in Newark and lived there for eight years alongside the people he served. He went on a 10-day hunger strike to draw attention to open-air drug dealing in his neighborhood. He has quoted Amos from the Senate floor, preached at progressive Christian conferences, and told a Senate committee: ‘Before you tell me about your religion, first show it to me in how you treat other people.’ In April 2025 he gave a 25-hour Senate floor speech against budget cuts targeting the poor — a speech theologians described as the embodiment of the Black Christian prophetic tradition. He is vegan, abstains from alcohol, and lives far more simply than his wealth would require. He loses points for his complicated relationship with AIPAC money and Wall Street donors, and for moments where political calculation has outpaced prophetic courage. But on the core question of whether he lives what Jesus taught — the answer, more than almost anyone on this list, is yes.

AOC grew up Catholic and has publicly cited her faith as the root of her politics. She has spoken in churches, championed the poor, denounced wealth inequality, and once compared the border refugee crisis directly to the nativity story. She doesn’t vote for gun reform proposals and then post ‘thoughts and prayers’ — she just votes for gun reform. Loses some points for the test’s knowledge questions on scripture she may not know verbatim. Ironic bonus: she would likely score higher than most of her loudest Christian critics.

Ginsburg (1933-2020) was Jewish and approached her work through the lens of Jewish values of justice, fairness, and defense of the vulnerable — values that map remarkably well onto the test’s framework. Her decades on the bench were defined by fighting for equality, protecting the poor and marginalized from institutional power, and dissenting loudly when the law failed those principles. She famously said her favorite biblical text was the Book of Ruth: ‘Wherever you go, I will go.’ The test rewards that kind of consistent solidarity with the vulnerable. A genuine Advanced Follower by any honest reading.

Raskin is a secular Jewish constitutional scholar whose political philosophy is deeply aligned with what the test describes as following Jesus’s teachings: protecting the vulnerable, speaking truth to power, refusing to be silenced in the face of injustice, and maintaining dignity under extraordinary personal pain. He lost his son to suicide in 2021 and returned to the Capitol the next day to certify the election results. That is not a scripture quote, but Jesus had something to say about people who show up when it costs them something.

Warren grew up Methodist and taught Sunday school. Her political career has been built on a singular premise: that the powerful exploit the vulnerable, and government should stop letting them. Jesus said a lot about that. Her consumer protection work, wealth tax proposals, and healthcare advocacy line up remarkably well with the test’s correct answers. Loses a few points for occasional hawkish foreign policy and some scripture knowledge gaps. Would still outscore most self-described evangelical Christians in Congress.

Roem is the first openly transgender person elected and seated in any U.S. state legislature (Virginia, 2018) and the first trans person to serve in both chambers of a state legislature. She is a Catholic-raised, practicing Christian who left the Church over its treatment of LGBTQ people — a decision entirely consistent with the test’s framework on truth-telling and integrity. Her legislative record is remarkable for its bipartisanship and practicality: she has passed 32 bills with broad support covering road infrastructure, school meals, LGBTQ rights, gun safety, and amputation access to care. She feeds children (free school meals bill), she protects the vulnerable, she speaks truth at enormous personal cost. Her story — a metal-band-playing trans woman out-governing her loudly transphobic opponents on traffic and schools — is exactly the kind of ‘fruits over labels’ story the test was built to identify. An Advanced Follower whose actual record is more Gospel-consistent than most of the Christians on this list.

Omar is Muslim, not Christian, but the test measures behavior against Jesus’s teachings — not religious identity. Her career has been defined by advocacy for the poor, refugees (she is herself a refugee from Somalia), and the marginalized. She has been a consistent voice against war, mass incarceration, and wealth inequality. Jesus never mentioned Islam but he said quite a bit about refugees. Omar would likely find the WWJD section very familiar territory.

Khanna is a Hindu congressman from Silicon Valley who has made economic justice and foreign policy restraint his signature issues. He has opposed military interventions, championed worker rights, advocated for the poor and uninsured, and taken on corporate power within his own party. The test is a behavioral measure — and behaviorally, a Hindu congressman from California is tracking closer to the Sermon on the Mount than most of the Christians in Congress.

Zephyr is a Montana state legislator, the first openly transgender person elected to the Montana legislature, and one of the most extraordinary stories in recent American politics. When Montana Republicans moved to ban gender-affirming care for trans youth — care that research shows dramatically reduces suicide risk — Zephyr told them they would have ‘blood on their hands.’ She refused to apologize. Republicans removed her from the House floor for the rest of the session. She returned. She won re-election. She is engaged to trans journalist Erin Reed. She is openly bisexual. She has described herself as spiritual rather than religiously affiliated. The test has a specific question about people who speak truth to power at significant personal cost. Zephyr’s entire political existence is a case study in exactly that. An Advanced Follower — the most expensive kind of truth-telling, done in one of the least welcoming political environments in America.

Bernie is Jewish and secular, but his entire political career is essentially the Sermon on the Mount in policy form. Feed the hungry? Universal school lunches. Care for the sick? Medicare for All. Woe to the rich? Wealth tax. Love your neighbor? His foreign policy consistently rejects military adventurism. He would miss some Bible trivia questions, but on the WWJD portion he would be nearly perfect.

The Reverend is a Baptist minister and longtime civil rights activist who has spent his career advocating for racial justice, police accountability, and the rights of the poor and marginalized. His record aligns closely with the test’s framework on care for ‘the least of these.’ He loses points for some personal financial controversies — including years of unpaid taxes — and for a career that has occasionally prioritized media visibility over consistent truth-telling (the Tawana Brawley case remains a significant mark). But his overall trajectory, especially in recent decades, reflects genuine Gospel values in action. The test rewards what you do with your platform, and Sharpton’s platform has largely been used on behalf of the vulnerable.

Polis is the first openly gay man elected governor of any U.S. state (Colorado, 2018) and the first sitting governor to marry his same-sex partner while in office. He is Jewish and has described his faith as important to his identity. His governance has been defined by universal free kindergarten, abortion rights protections, gun reform, LGBTQ protections, and healthcare access — a consistent record on the test’s priorities. He describes himself as both progressive and libertarian-leaning, which occasionally creates tension with purely social-justice-focused positions, but his overall record of protecting the vulnerable and expanding access to care is strong. He has also been a vocal opponent of anti-LGBTQ legislation across the country, framing it directly as an attack on human dignity. A Follower whose record is largely consistent with the test’s framework.

Healey is the first openly lesbian governor of Massachusetts (and the first openly lesbian person elected governor of any U.S. state) and the first openly gay attorney general of Massachusetts. Her career as AG was defined by consumer protection, civil rights enforcement, and holding corporations accountable — all directly in the test’s wheelhouse. Her governance has prioritized healthcare access, housing, and protection of vulnerable communities. She is a Protestant Christian who does not make her faith central to her public identity but whose record reflects its social justice dimensions. A genuine Follower whose career is built on the test’s core priorities.

The Texas congresswoman is a Baptist who brings real fire to her advocacy for civil rights, voting rights, and protection of the poor. Her background as a public defender gives her a genuine personal connection to ‘the least of these’ that many politicians lack. She would likely score very well on the WWJD scenarios and reasonably well on the knowledge portions.

Abrams is a Baptist who has spoken directly about how her faith informs her politics. She is best known for her extraordinary voter registration and protection work in Georgia — registering hundreds of thousands of voters, particularly from marginalized communities — which lines up directly with Jesus’s consistent concern for the powerless. Her policy positions on healthcare, poverty, and criminal justice are consistent with the test’s framework. A genuine Follower whose public work reflects her stated values.

Hasan is a devout Muslim journalist whose entire career has been built on holding power accountable, defending the marginalized, and truth-telling at personal cost. His interviews are famous for refusing to let the powerful evade accountability. His Muslim faith has informed his opposition to war, his solidarity with refugees and immigrants, and his advocacy for the poor. He would miss the scripture knowledge sections but dominate the WWJD scenarios. A Follower whose record is among the most consistent on this list with what the test actually rewards.

McBride is the first openly transgender member of Congress, representing Delaware’s at-large district starting in 2025, and previously the first transgender state senator in U.S. history. She is a Presbyterian elder and a deeply practicing Christian whose faith has been central to her advocacy work. She married her husband Andrew Cray — a transgender man and LGBTQ rights activist — in 2014; he died of cancer four days later. Her legislative record in Delaware focused on healthcare (paid family leave, Medicaid expansion) and LGBTQ nondiscrimination — directly aligned with the test’s framework. Her willingness to enter politics despite knowing it would make her a target of national transphobia reflects the kind of costly truth-telling the test rewards. She has responded to Republican attacks with dignity, humor, and persistence. A Follower whose faith and public record tell a consistent story.

Piker (known as HasanAbi) is a Muslim progressive content creator who has built one of the largest political streaming audiences in the world. His entire platform is built on economic justice, housing rights, workers’ rights, and opposition to exploitation of the poor — all directly in line with the test’s framework. He has donated hundreds of thousands to mutual aid and crisis relief. He would miss the scripture knowledge sections but the WWJD scenarios would be very familiar territory.

The former president is a sincere, thoughtful Christian who has spoken eloquently about his faith on many occasions. His positions on social justice, the poor, and love of neighbor are largely aligned with the test’s framework. However, his drone strike policy, deportation record (he was dubbed ‘Deporter-in-Chief’), and measured centrism keep him from the Advanced tier. A solid follower of the teachings — just with some very significant geopolitical asterisks.

The former Secretary of Transportation and two-time presidential candidate is an Episcopalian who has spoken more substantively about the Gospel’s social demands than almost any other politician of his generation. ‘If you are a believer,’ he said, ‘protecting the sick and the stranger and the poor is a central mandate.’ He has put his faith in direct conflict with anti-LGBTQ positions held by some evangelical conservatives, arguing — with scripture — that his marriage is fully compatible with his Christianity. A thoughtful, consistent Follower who reads the actual text.

Jackson identifies as a nondenominational Protestant and has spoken openly about her faith. Her career as a public defender — representing the people most others would not represent — reflects genuine commitment to ‘the least of these.’ On the bench, her dissents on voting rights, criminal justice, and civil liberties consistently side with the vulnerable over the powerful. A genuine Follower whose biography and jurisprudence tell a consistent story.

Colbert is a devout, practicing Catholic — he calls himself ‘America’s most famous Catholic’ and has said his faith is something he cannot remove from himself ‘any more than you can remove marble from a statue.’ He teaches Sunday school, has debated theology on live television, and was the only late-night host to publicly defend the Nicene Creed just to make a comedic point. When challenged on remaining Catholic despite the Church’s failures, he said: ‘The church is a human institution full of enormous flaws. That doesn’t mean it’s not the bride of Christ.’ His platform has consistently invoked Matthew 25 — he mocked Jeb Bush’s position on Syrian refugees by quoting it directly, accepted a human rights award by invoking the Sermon on the Mount, and met Pope Francis at the Vatican. He uses his wealth and platform more consistently than most wealthy entertainers to point toward the Gospel’s actual content. He loses points for some gaps between his lifestyle and his advocacy, and for occasionally letting political tribalism edge out the charity his faith calls for. A genuine Follower whose Catholicism is among the most publicly integrated of anyone on this list.

Takei is best known as Hikaru Sulu from Star Trek, but his public legacy is equally defined by his extraordinary advocacy work. He came out as gay in 2005, married his partner Brad Altman in 2008, and has spent decades as one of the most articulate public voices for LGBTQ rights, immigration justice (he was interned as a child in Japanese American internment camps during WWII), and democratic values. He has used his platform — particularly his enormous social media presence — consistently to educate, advocate, and build solidarity across communities. He was raised Buddhist but describes himself as spiritual rather than institutionally religious. His advocacy for the vulnerable, his personal experience of government-sanctioned persecution, and his decades of public service to civil rights causes align strongly with the test’s framework. A genuine Follower whose biography is a direct rebuke to the kind of power the test most consistently criticizes.

Torres is an openly gay Afro-Latino congressman from the Bronx — the first openly gay Afro-Latino elected to Congress. He grew up in public housing and has made affordable housing, economic justice, and fighting poverty the core of his legislative work. He is a Protestant Christian who speaks about his faith in connection with his advocacy. His background as someone who personally experienced poverty and housing insecurity gives him a direct, lived connection to ‘the least of these’ that the test is designed to reward. He has been an outspoken co-chair of the House Equality Caucus and a visible voice for LGBTQ equality. A genuine Follower whose biography and legislative record are consistent with the test’s framework.

Tlaib is a Muslim Palestinian-American congresswoman who has been one of the most consistent voices for the poor, the marginalized, and Palestinian human rights. Her advocacy for Medicare for All, debt cancellation, and criminal justice reform lines up well with the test’s framework. On the behavior questions — What Would Jesus Do about refugees? About the poor? About children in cages? — she has answered those questions with her votes consistently.

Legend grew up in a church-music tradition and has spoken about his evolving faith — moving from evangelical Christianity toward a more personal, humanistic spirituality. His music and advocacy are deeply rooted in the social justice themes of the Gospel: criminal justice reform, abolition of the death penalty, poverty, and racial equality. His Free America campaign to reform incarceration directly echoes Matthew 25:36. A Follower in every meaningful sense of what the test is measuring.

Melinda Gates is a practicing Catholic whose philanthropic work through the Gates Foundation — and through her own Pivotal Ventures — has been focused on global health, poverty alleviation, and women’s empowerment. Her Catholic faith has explicitly informed her conviction that every life has equal value, which has been the foundation of the Foundation’s work. After her divorce from Bill Gates, she has continued and expanded her independent philanthropy. A genuine Follower whose entire life’s work reflects the test’s priorities.

The former Minnesota governor and 2024 VP candidate is a Methodist who taught Sunday school and coached high school football. He signed free school meals for all Minnesota children — a policy so directly aligned with ‘feed the hungry’ that Jesus would have probably approved it faster than the Minnesota state legislature did. His political record on healthcare, gun reform, veterans’ services, and welcoming refugees is among the most consistent with the test’s framework among Democratic governors.

Stewart is Jewish and, while not observant in any traditional sense, his decades of public work embody the Jewish prophetic tradition of speaking truth to power. His advocacy for 9/11 first responders — a years-long, deeply personal campaign that resulted in the permanent reauthorization of the Zadroga Act — is the kind of persistent, costly advocacy for the forgotten that the test is explicitly designed to reward. He has consistently used his platform to expose hypocrisy, protect the vulnerable, and shame the powerful. A Follower in every meaningful dimension the test measures.

Sullivan is a Nevada public school teacher and progressive activist who has become a prominent voice for public education, LGBTQ rights, and protection of vulnerable children. Her career as a frontline teacher — working with Nevada’s most underserved students — reflects the test’s core values of service to ‘the least of these’ more directly than most politicians on this list. A genuine Follower whose daily work is the content the test measures.

Velshi is a Muslim journalist of South Asian heritage who has spent his career reporting from conflict zones, disaster areas, and economic hardship zones — standing in the actual locations where ‘the least of these’ are suffering. He was shot with rubber bullets while reporting on George Floyd protests. His journalism has consistently centered the voices of the vulnerable. A Follower whose career has been an extended exercise in witness to human suffering.

Johnson is an openly lesbian Texas state representative who has served in the Texas House since 2019. Her career in a deeply red state has been defined by advocacy for LGBTQ rights, healthcare access, and gun reform — causes that carry real political cost in Texas. She has pushed back against anti-trans legislation targeting children with particular force, connecting the state’s attacks on trans youth to the broader test question of how we treat the most vulnerable. She is a Christian whose faith appears to genuinely inform her advocacy. A Follower whose daily work in one of the most hostile legislative environments in America is the kind of costly, consistent faithfulness the test rewards.

Garcia is the first openly gay immigrant elected to Congress. Born in Peru, he immigrated to the United States as a child, became a citizen, and worked his way up from Long Beach City Council to mayor to Congress. His Catholic faith is part of his identity, though he has been clear that as a gay man he has had a complicated relationship with institutional Catholicism. His legislative record focuses on immigration, economic justice, environmental protection, and LGBTQ rights. His biography — immigrant, gay, Catholic, Democratic congressman — is a living refutation of multiple right-wing narratives about who belongs in America. A Follower whose record reflects the test’s priorities consistently.

Kotek is the first openly lesbian governor of Oregon (one of the first two openly lesbian governors in U.S. history, elected in 2022), and previously the longest-serving Speaker of the Oregon House. Her legislative record is defined by progressive priorities: housing for the homeless, healthcare access, gun reform, LGBTQ protections, and climate action. She succeeded Kate Brown, herself the nation’s first openly bisexual governor, continuing Oregon’s remarkable record of LGBTQ gubernatorial representation. She is a Protestant Christian whose governance has consistently reflected the test’s social justice priorities. A Follower whose record is largely consistent with the Gospel’s emphasis on care for the vulnerable.

The Supreme Court justice is a Catholic who grew up in the Bronx housing projects and has brought that perspective explicitly to her jurisprudence. She has described herself as ‘maybe not traditionally religious’ — attending church primarily for family and important events — but her faith background is Catholic and her values are clearly shaped by it. Her dissents on voting rights, criminal justice, and immigrant protections consistently champion the vulnerable. A solid Follower whose work on the bench has real consequences for the people Jesus cared most about.

Small is a Vermont state legislator and one of the first openly transgender people elected to the Vermont House of Representatives. She has focused on healthcare access, LGBTQ rights, and environmental policy in a state that has been unusually welcoming to trans politicians. Her record reflects the test’s framework on protecting the vulnerable and speaking truth in public life. She is a Christian whose faith appears to inform her public service. A Follower whose daily work reflects the Gospel’s social priorities in practice.

Biden is only the second Catholic president in American history and is arguably the most visibly practicing Catholic to hold the office. He attends Mass, says the Rosary, and has spoken at length about how his faith — particularly in the face of personal tragedy — sustains him. His governance on healthcare, poverty, childcare, and immigration in his first term aligned well with the test’s framework. He loses points for his deportation record, his handling of the Gaza conflict in his final year, and the significant gap between his stated Catholic values and some policy outcomes. A genuine Follower — faith is real, the execution is complicated.

Oprah was raised Baptist — she was baptized at age 8 and called herself the ‘preacher girl’ as a child — and firmly identifies as a Christian who believes in Jesus. She has said: ‘I am a Christian. That is my faith.’ However, she has evolved beyond traditional doctrine toward a more personal, universal spirituality that incorporates New Age elements, which places her in the ‘spiritual but not religious’ category for this test. Her philanthropic record is extraordinary: hundreds of millions donated to education, poverty reduction, and disaster relief globally. She would answer the WWJD questions with remarkable consistency and likely miss several doctrinal Bible trivia questions. A Follower by behavior; the theology is expansive and her own.

Ball is a progressive journalist and commentator who has been consistently focused on economic inequality, workers’ rights, and the systemic exploitation of ordinary people by corporate power. She has spoken about how her Christian upbringing in rural Virginia shaped her politics. She departed MSNBC and co-founded The Hill’s Rising, where she pushed back on both party establishments from a populist left perspective. Her advocacy on behalf of the poor and against concentrated wealth aligns closely with the test’s framework. A Follower whose politics match the Gospel’s social priorities closely.

Levine is the first openly transgender federal official confirmed by the U.S. Senate, serving as Assistant Secretary for Health under Biden. A pediatrician and public health official, her entire career has been devoted to healthcare for the vulnerable — children, the poor, LGBTQ youth facing extraordinarily high suicide rates, and communities devastated by the opioid crisis. She has faced extraordinary public harassment with considerable dignity. The test’s framework on healing the sick, protecting the vulnerable, and maintaining composure when attacked by enemies is directly applicable. She would likely score well across the WWJD scenarios and adequately on the knowledge sections. A Follower whose life’s work is squarely in the terrain the test rewards.

Brown was Oregon’s governor from 2015 to 2023 and the nation’s first openly bisexual governor. She served during a period of extraordinary challenge — wildfires, the pandemic, protests, housing crises — and her record reflects consistent prioritization of vulnerable communities, healthcare access, and protection of the poor. She has championed universal healthcare, criminal justice reform, and environmental protection throughout her career. She is not publicly affiliated with a specific religious tradition. A Follower whose governance record reflects the test’s priorities more consistently than most of her Christian counterparts in other states.

Davids is one of the first two Native American women elected to Congress and one of the first openly lesbian Native Americans elected to federal office. She is a member of the Ho-Chunk Nation and practices a personal spirituality informed by her Native traditions rather than any specific denomination. Her legislative record has focused on economic development for tribal communities, healthcare access, veterans’ services, and workforce development. She represents a competitive Kansas district and has consistently won re-election by focusing on practical constituent service while maintaining her LGBTQ identity and indigenous rights advocacy. A Follower whose career reflects the test’s priorities on care for the marginalized.

The former astronaut and Arizona senator is a Catholic who has made gun control — specifically in response to the shooting of his wife, Gabby Giffords — the defining cause of his political career. His willingness to act, rather than just pray, after a mass shooting is directly what the test rewards. His broader voting record on healthcare, immigration, and veterans’ care is consistent with the framework. A solid Follower doing the actual work.

Harris identifies as a Baptist — she was raised attending both a Baptist church and a Hindu temple, and settled into the Baptist faith. Her career has been built on criminal justice, healthcare access, and advocacy for the poor and marginalized. She consistently championed policies aligned with the test’s framework. She loses some points for her prosecutorial record in California, which drew criticism from criminal justice reformers, and for some politically cautious positioning. A Follower whose lived career mostly tracks with the teachings.

Gates has given away more money — over $50 billion — than almost any person in recorded history, primarily through the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation’s work on global health, poverty, and education. He has pledged to give away virtually his entire fortune. His work on malaria, polio eradication, and food security in the developing world has saved millions of lives. He loses some points for past monopolistic practices at Microsoft and for his evolution from ruthless businessman to philanthropist. A Follower — his second act has been one of the most direct translations of ‘care for the poor’ on this list.

Cooper is a gay man who came out publicly in 2012, saying ‘The fact is, I’m gay, always have been, always will be.’ He was raised Episcopal but describes himself as effectively secular. His career at CNN has been defined by serious accountability journalism, coverage of disasters and human suffering, and advocacy for truth. He has reported from conflict zones and disaster areas — standing literally where ‘the least of these’ suffer — for decades. His personal philanthropic record and public advocacy for LGBTQ rights, particularly after the Pulse nightclub shooting, are consistent with the test’s framework on neighbor love. He loses points for some consistency gaps between his wealth and lifestyle and his advocacy themes, and for occasionally prioritizing compelling television over deeper structural critique. A Follower by the behavioral test.

O’Rourke was raised Catholic but describes his current faith as personal and non-institutional. His political career has been defined by gun reform (following the El Paso mass shooting), immigration advocacy, and healthcare access — all consistent with the test’s framework. His willingness to say, loudly and directly, that assault weapons should be removed from civilian hands after children were massacred is the kind of action-over-prayers posture the test rewards. A Follower whose record is mostly consistent with his stated values.

Oliver was raised Church of England and is now effectively secular. His journalism has won multiple awards for exposing predatory lending, for-profit prisons, healthcare fraud, and systems that exploit the poor. He paid off $15 million in medical debt for strangers as part of a segment on predatory debt collection. He donated his settlement from a lawsuit to charity. He has used his platform with remarkable consistency to expose how the powerful exploit the vulnerable. A Follower by behavior — his show is basically applied Matthew 25 without the scripture references.

Michigan’s governor is not particularly vocal about personal faith but her governance consistently prioritizes public welfare, healthcare access, and protection of the vulnerable. She would perform well on the WWJD scenarios. A pragmatic, functional follower of the teachings in practice, even if she would never put it that way.

Ron Reagan Jr. is the son of President Ronald Reagan and is openly agnostic — he notably ends his ads for the Freedom From Religion Foundation by noting his non-belief with pride. Despite having no religious affiliation, his advocacy record — focused on healthcare, stem cell research (advocating for cures for the sick), and civil rights — reflects the test’s behavioral priorities quite directly. An agnostic who scores as a Follower because the test measures behavior, not theology.

Kagan is Jewish and not particularly publicly religious, but the test measures behavior, not belief. Her record on the Supreme Court consistently sides with the protection of marginalized communities, voting rights, and the interests of ordinary citizens over corporations and the powerful. Another justice whose behavioral record aligns more closely with the Gospels than many of their Christian colleagues.

Meyers is a secular humanist who stated on the Strike Force Five podcast that ‘the next church I go into will be the first church I go into,’ and told Colbert on television he does not believe in an afterlife. He has partial Jewish heritage through his grandfather and is married to a Jewish woman; his children are being raised Jewish. The test is behavioral, not theological. His Late Night platform has been used consistently and courageously for accountability journalism — his A Closer Look segments have been among the most factually grounded policy critiques in late night television. He funded his own staff out of pocket during the WGA strike alongside the other Strike Force Five hosts. He has consistently advocated for LGBTQ rights, healthcare access, and the vulnerable. He does not claim to follow Jesus; he just does what Jesus described. A Follower by the behavioral measure.

Sorensen is the first openly gay person elected to Congress from Illinois. A former TV meteorologist, he has made climate change, healthcare access, and economic relief for working families the focus of his congressional work. His voting record reflects the test’s priorities consistently — he has supported gun reform, healthcare expansion, and protections for the marginalized. He has been outspoken about his LGBTQ identity as a source of connection to other marginalized communities. A Follower whose record matches his stated values.

The Florida congressman is Jewish and generally votes in line with the test’s framework on social safety nets, gun reform, and protection of the vulnerable. He has been a passionate advocate on gun violence after the Parkland shooting occurred in his district. A solid Follower — not flashy, but the work is there.

Meiselas is a civil rights attorney and co-founder of MeidasTouch, a progressive media organization focused on accountability journalism. His legal career defending civil rights and his media work exposing corruption and holding power accountable are consistent with the test’s priorities. A Follower by the behavioral measure.

Clooney was raised Catholic but describes himself as agnostic. He has, however, deployed his fame and fortune on behalf of the test’s consistent themes: advocacy for Darfur genocide victims, humanitarianism in South Sudan, disaster relief, and refugee protection. He testified before Congress on human rights. An agnostic who scores as a Follower on the behavioral measure — because the behavioral measure is what the test actually evaluates.

Klobuchar is a Congregationalist who chairs the Senate Prayer Breakfast and speaks often about how faith helped her family through her father’s alcoholism. Her political record is moderate Democratic — generally supportive of social safety nets, healthcare, and immigration reform. She would score solidly on the WWJD scenarios and adequately on the scripture knowledge sections. A sincere but measured Follower.

Pelosi is a devout Catholic who frequently invokes her faith when discussing healthcare and poverty policy. She has spoken of her Catholic social justice upbringing as the foundation of her political life. Her actual governance record on poverty, healthcare, and climate is largely consistent with that framing. She loses points for being a multimillionaire who has accumulated considerable personal wealth while in office, for military spending votes, and for occasional political calculations that seem to outweigh the Gospel demands.

Hanks is a Greek Orthodox Christian who describes his faith as central to his life. Known for personal integrity, extraordinary generosity to strangers, and a decades-long record of using his celebrity for charitable causes. He has supported veterans, literacy, and has been famously kind to ordinary people in ways that go unnoticed precisely because he doesn’t make them public. He would score well on the scripture knowledge sections and even better on the WWJD scenarios. A genuine Follower — the test’s ‘good fruit’ standard applies here.

Moore was raised Catholic in Flint, Michigan, and his work has been consistently focused on the poor, the exploited worker, the abandoned community. His documentaries are extended meditations on why the powerful fail the vulnerable. He has given away films for free to people who couldn’t afford them. He loses points for factual shortcuts in his documentaries and for occasional self-promotion. A Follower — imperfect, loud, but genuinely focused on the right people.

The Delaware senator studied religion at Yale Divinity School and brings a genuinely theological sensibility to his public service. He is a moderate Democrat whose voting record generally favors the vulnerable, though he has occasionally voted for military budgets and compromised on immigration in ways that the test’s framework would ding. A sincere, thoughtful follower — just not a radical one.

Brett Meiselas co-founded MeidasTouch alongside his brother Ben, focusing on investigative accountability journalism and advocacy for democratic norms. His work on exposing corruption and defending marginalized communities is consistent with the test’s framework. A Follower whose platform has been deployed on the side of the vulnerable.

Jordy Meiselas is a co-founder of MeidasTouch, contributing to the accountability journalism and progressive advocacy work that has characterized the network. Like his brothers, his public record is focused on holding power accountable and advocating for democratic norms and civil rights. A Follower by the behavioral measure.

Cohen is a Jewish progressive commentator whose digital media presence has been focused on accountability journalism, voter protection, and advocacy for marginalized communities. He has raised significant sums through his platform for progressive causes aligned with the test’s framework. A Follower by the behavioral measure.

Streisand is Jewish and philanthropically active, having given hundreds of millions to causes including healthcare, education, women’s rights, and environmental protection — all areas the test rewards. She has been a consistent voice for the vulnerable and has used her platform for social justice causes across seven decades. A Follower whose checkbook and platform have been consistently deployed on behalf of Jesus’s stated priorities.

Mueller is an Episcopalian and decorated Marine who served as FBI Director and Special Counsel. His entire career reflects the values of integrity, truth-telling at personal cost, and service to something larger than himself. His conduct of the Special Counsel investigation was notably restrained and by-the-book even under intense political pressure. The test rewards those who tell the truth when it’s costly. A genuine Follower — his biography is the opposite of his subject’s.

Maddow was raised Catholic but does not maintain a traditional faith practice. The test is behavioral. Her decades of journalism have been devoted to holding power accountable, protecting democratic institutions from corruption, and explaining complex systems of exploitation to ordinary people. She has used her platform consistently to expose how the powerful abuse the powerless. A Follower by behavior — journalism as prophetic witness, even without the theology.

Reiner is Jewish and has used his considerable resources and platform for democratic advocacy, healthcare reform, and education funding for children — particularly his ‘I Am Your Child’ campaign focused on early childhood development. He has donated millions to causes aligned with the test’s priorities. A Follower by the behavioral measure.

Hayes was raised Catholic but is now effectively secular. His journalism is defined by rigorous accountability, explanation of complex systems of power and exploitation, and advocacy for policy that protects ordinary people. He has devoted significant energy to criminal justice reform — directly relevant to the test’s prison-related questions. A Follower by the behavioral test.

Streep is a Presbyterian who has spoken about her faith informing her sense of moral responsibility. Her advocacy record on environmental issues, women’s rights, and dignity for marginalized communities is consistent. Her famous speech directly challenging a president who mocked a disabled reporter was one of the more direct demonstrations of ‘speaking truth to power.’ A consistent Follower whose public record reflects her stated values.

Welker is a practicing Christian and NBC News journalist whose record reflects consistent commitment to truth and accountability journalism. She has spoken about her family’s history as a reminder of the importance of justice. A Follower — her professional record reflects the test’s emphasis on truth.

Welch is a lifelong atheist and co-host of the ‘I’ve Had It’ podcast, which has become one of the most prominent liberal political platforms in the country. She doesn’t claim to follow Jesus — she would probably find the question hilarious — but the test is behavioral, not theological. Her platform consistently champions LGBTQ rights, economic justice, healthcare access, protection of the vulnerable, and holding the powerful accountable. She attended Zohran Mamdani’s victory party. She pressed Cory Booker on Gaza when no one else would. She calls out corporate Democrats who abandon the poor as readily as she calls out Republicans. The test’s framework rewards people who actually do what Jesus described, regardless of what they call it. Welch doesn’t call it anything — she just does it. A Follower by behavior, whether she’d ever accept the label or not.

Kimmel was raised Catholic in Brooklyn and Las Vegas, served as an altar boy, and still identifies as Catholic. When Roy Moore accused him of mocking Christian values, Kimmel responded directly: ‘I happen to be a Christian too. I made my first holy communion, I was confirmed, I pray, I support my church, one of my closest friends is a priest, and I baptized my children.’ His platform has been used for genuine advocacy: after his son Billy was born with a serious heart defect in 2017, Kimmel became an impassioned public champion for healthcare access, delivering emotional monologues that pushed back against ACA repeal in terms explicitly about protecting children and the sick. The test gives significant weight to that kind of costly, specific advocacy on behalf of the vulnerable. He loses points for a career that has also included considerable raunchiness and some inconsistency between his wealth and his public positions. A Follower — the faith is real and has occasionally produced real work.

Ohio’s governor is a Catholic Republican who has occasionally shown independence from his party’s worst instincts — he signed gun reform legislation after the Dayton mass shooting, maintained Medicaid expansion in Ohio, and has not been among the loudest voices against immigration. He scores higher than almost any other Republican governor on this list.

DiCaprio was raised in various faith traditions and describes himself as spiritual. His life’s work beyond acting has been environmental activism: founding the Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation, which has granted over $100 million to climate and ocean conservation causes. The test’s stewardship questions — about caring for creation — were made for profiles like his. A Follower by the behavioral measure.

Clinton is a lifelong Methodist who has spoken sincerely about her faith throughout her career. Her public record on healthcare, children’s welfare (she co-founded CHIP), and international humanitarian work is generally aligned with the test’s values. However, her hawkish foreign policy record, her vote for the Iraq War, and her ties to Wall Street money keep her well out of Advanced Follower territory.

California’s governor is a Catholic who has championed healthcare access, housing for the homeless, and immigration protections — all consistent with the test’s framework. He has also overseen a state with some of the nation’s most visible homelessness crises while pursuing policies that critics argue have fallen short of the need, and his personal life has included public infidelity. He would score well on the policy questions and take hits on the personal conduct ones. A Follower — with a glossy cover and complicated contents.

Beyonce was raised in the United Methodist church and her faith remains woven through her music, most explicitly in her gospel-influenced work. Her philanthropy includes founding BeyGOOD, donating millions to COVID relief, housing assistance for families facing eviction, and historically Black colleges and universities. Her music is filled with references to struggle, dignity, justice, and divine protection for the marginalized. A Follower whose faith, while complex and sometimes commercially packaged, has consistently pointed toward care for the vulnerable.

Silverman is a Jewish comedian who has spoken about her Jewish ethical tradition informing her politics. Her comedy has frequently targeted hypocrisy — particularly religious hypocrisy — and her activism on healthcare, poverty, and LGBTQ rights is consistent with the test’s framework. A Follower who speaks in a different register than the test expects, but whose values align.

Soros is Jewish and secular, but his philanthropic work through Open Society Foundations has poured billions into democracy promotion, criminal justice reform, housing for the poor, and fighting authoritarianism worldwide. The test’s framework is about behavior, not belief. The boogeyman of conservative Christianity ironically does a lot of what Jesus described.

Murkowski is one of the few Republican senators who regularly breaks with her party to vote for measures that protect the vulnerable — she has voted for Medicaid protections, occasionally for gun reform, and against some of the most punitive immigration measures. She is a Catholic who takes her faith seriously enough to sometimes let it inconvenience her politically. A genuine Follower in the sense the test intends.

Reid is a practicing Christian whose faith and social justice work are intertwined. Her journalism has consistently focused on racial equity, voting rights, healthcare, and protection of marginalized communities. She is a vocal advocate for those the test identifies as ‘the least of these.’ A genuine Follower whose record is mostly consistent with her stated values.

Goldberg was raised Catholic but describes her current spiritual stance as personal and non-institutional. Her decades of advocacy on behalf of the homeless, AIDS patients, domestic abuse survivors, and the poor are consistent with the test’s priorities. Her directness in calling out hypocrisy — particularly religious hypocrisy used to justify cruelty — is very much in the test’s spirit. A Follower who wears it differently but lives it consistently.

Hostin is a deeply practicing Catholic who regularly references her faith on The View and in her public life. Her legal career and broadcasting work have consistently centered racial justice, healthcare equity, and protection of the vulnerable. She has spoken about her Catholic faith requiring her to speak out against injustice — including injustice coming from within the Catholic Church. A sincere Follower who takes the social justice dimensions of her tradition seriously.

Ruffalo was raised Catholic and has spoken about his faith informing his environmental and social justice activism. His record on climate change, corporate accountability, and protection of vulnerable communities reflects the test’s stewardship and neighbor-love themes directly. A Follower whose lived record reflects genuine alignment with the teachings.

Schumer is Jewish and proudly so — he became the first Jewish Senate Majority Leader in U.S. history and has grounded his career explicitly in Jewish identity and values. His legislative record over four decades reflects the test’s behavioral priorities more consistently than most: he was a key architect of the Affordable Care Act, passed the American Rescue Plan providing direct relief to working families during COVID, championed gun safety (he sponsored the Brady Act), pushed immigration reform, and has consistently voted to protect healthcare, housing, and social safety nets. He loses significant points for his record on Gaza — he once called for Israel to ‘strangle’ the territory economically, a position difficult to reconcile with any Gospel teaching on the treatment of the vulnerable and one’s enemies. He also loses points for being a consummate power broker who has sometimes prioritized institutional control over moral clarity, and for his cautious response to pressure from within his own caucus. A Follower by the long record of work for the vulnerable, with meaningful caveats.

Mulvaney is a transgender woman and content creator who rose to fame documenting her transition online, attracting millions of followers and becoming one of the most visible trans women in America. She was raised Catholic and identifies as Christian. She has spoken directly about her faith and her transition, describing both as journeys toward her authentic self. She became the target of a massive right-wing boycott campaign after a Bud Light partnership. Her response to being used as a political weapon — she has spoken about the harm it caused her with grace and without vengeance — reflects the test’s emphasis on dignity under persecution. She loses points for limited policy record and for a public persona that is more personal platform than social justice advocacy. A Follower — visibility in the face of hatred is itself a Gospel-consistent act.

Graham (1918-2018) was for decades the most prominent evangelical Protestant in America. His personal record reflects genuine faith — he lived modestly for a figure of his stature, refused to accumulate great personal wealth, was careful about financial transparency, and genuinely believed what he preached. He loses significant points for his decades of close alignment with political power (particularly Richard Nixon), his traditional positions on homosexuality, and his later prosperity-adjacent associations. A sincere Follower who understood the Gospel’s demands for personal integrity better than its demands for prophetic opposition to political power.

Matthews is a Catholic who has written books about faith and politics and has spoken about how his Catholic upbringing informed his political values. His career as a journalist and commentator was defined by passionate advocacy for democratic institutions and the working class. He loses some points for the circumstances of his retirement from MSNBC (inappropriate conduct allegations) and for some inconsistencies between his progressive rhetoric and his personal record. A Follower with complications.

Behar was raised Catholic and is now agnostic, but her public record on healthcare, poverty, LGBTQ rights, and care for the marginalized is consistent with the test’s framework. She has been a consistent voice for the vulnerable on The View for decades. She loses some points for a combative style that occasionally undermines the message. A Follower by the behavioral measure.

De Niro was raised Catholic on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. He has been a consistent critic of cruelty in politics, a supporter of healthcare access, and has used his platform to defend vulnerable communities. He loses points for a public persona that includes significant personal controversy and some inconsistency in how he conducts himself publicly. A Follower — the foundation is there, the execution is occasionally rough.

Clinton is a Southern Baptist who taught Sunday school and built the New Baptist Covenant with Jimmy Carter. His welfare reform legislation cut social safety nets in ways the test would penalize. His personal conduct — including the Monica Lewinsky affair and credible assault allegations — creates significant gaps between his stated faith and his behavior. The test rewards consistency. A Follower, but a flawed one in ways that are directly relevant to the test.

Swift was raised Christian and has spoken about her faith, though she has become increasingly private about personal religious beliefs. Her political engagement — particularly her voter registration drives that mobilized millions of young voters — and her philanthropy on behalf of education, disaster victims, and food banks are consistent with the test’s framework. She has been notably outspoken against bullying and in favor of LGBTQ equality. A Follower by the test’s measure.

Cheney’s willingness to tell the truth about January 6th at enormous personal and political cost lines up with the test’s emphasis on truth as sacred. She is also a hawkish conservative whose record on the poor, gun control, immigration, and social safety nets is the opposite of what the test rewards. She earns points for the truth-telling and loses them for almost everything else in her voting record. A Follower in one specific, expensive dimension.

Johansson is Jewish and has been a UNICEF global ambassador, and has used her platform for humanitarian causes. She resigned from a voiceover role when faced with evidence of labor exploitation, she has supported Oxfam, and has advocated for refugees. A Follower whose public behavior reflects the test’s themes of listening, humility, and care for the marginalized.

Conway is a Catholic who was a prominent conservative attorney before his very public break with Trumpism. He co-founded the Lincoln Project to oppose Trump, describing it as a moral obligation. He has been unusually honest about his own party’s failures and his own role in enabling them — a kind of public repentance that the test genuinely rewards. He loses points for decades of conservative legal work that often worked against vulnerable communities. A Follower — recently, and at some cost.

Fallon was raised devoutly Catholic — an altar boy who seriously considered the priesthood, and he describes the church of his childhood with genuine warmth: ‘I loved the church. I loved the idea of it. I loved the smell of the incense.’ He no longer attends Mass regularly, citing how the contemporary liturgy drifted from what he knew as a boy. His public persona is resolutely conflict-avoidant, warm, and relentlessly positive — qualities that sit well with the test’s framework but don’t earn maximum points on their own. He has not used his platform for significant political or charitable advocacy in the way his peers have. He is a wealthy entertainer who seems personally decent but whose record on the test’s priorities — speaking for the poor, challenging the powerful, truth-telling at personal cost — is thin compared to Colbert or Kimmel. A Follower by the narrowest margin: the faith foundation is genuine, the public record has been modest.

Scott is a sincere evangelical Christian whose personal faith appears genuine. He has spoken movingly about his Christian identity and racial reconciliation. However, his voting record consistently opposes gun reform, healthcare expansion, and immigration protections, while supporting tax cuts that primarily benefit the wealthy. He endorsed Trump after calling him ‘not qualified to be president.’ He would know his Bible — he really does — but the WWJD scenarios would produce tension between his scripture knowledge and his voting record.

Jakes is a genuinely talented preacher and bishop whose ministry has reached millions. His earlier work on healing, community, and reconciliation was powerful and aligned well with the Gospels. In recent years, however, he has drifted toward prosperity gospel territory — private jets, luxury lifestyle, association with MAGA politics, and controversies that clouded his once-sterling reputation. His charitable work keeps him out of the Anti-Christ tier, but the trajectory has been downward from his earlier ministry.

Maher is an outspoken atheist who produced a film mocking religious belief called ‘Religulous.’ The test’s knowledge sections require understanding of Jesus’s teachings. Maher’s behavioral record — he advocates for the poor and vulnerable on some issues, but his contempt for religion and for people he considers less intelligent creates serious gaps in the ‘love your neighbor’ department. He would miss many knowledge questions and answer WWJD scenarios inconsistently. A Non-Follower: philosophically, he would dismiss the test entirely; behaviorally, he’s better than his rhetoric suggests.

Perry was raised in a strict evangelical and Pentecostal household — her parents were ministers — and began her career as a Christian singer. She no longer identifies as evangelical and describes herself now as a ‘seeker’ who is ‘spiritual’ rather than religious, having moved well beyond the tradition she was raised in. She has advocated for LGBTQ acceptance, donated to various causes, and maintains genuine warmth toward faith even as she’s distanced herself from doctrine. Her charitable record and advocacy are consistent with the test’s priorities, but her overall public brand — spectacle, celebrity, commercial Christianity — remains a long way from the Sermon on the Mount. A Non-Follower: the spiritual instincts are genuine, the platform hasn’t fully matched them.

The Chief Justice is a Catholic whose record on the Court tells a mixed story. He occasionally sides with more liberal positions — he voted to save the ACA, for example — but his rulings on voting rights (gutting the Voting Rights Act in Shelby County), campaign finance (Citizens United), and immigration protections have consistently made it harder for the poor and marginalized to access power and protection. A Catholic who knows his catechism but whose jurisprudence has systematically worked against the people Catholic social teaching most explicitly asks us to protect.

Gabbard is a Hindu who was raised in a cult (the Science of Identity Foundation), served in the military, ran as a progressive, met with Bashar al-Assad without condemning the Syrian regime’s atrocities, and has migrated steadily toward MAGA politics to the point of becoming Trump’s Director of National Intelligence. She has opposed some military interventions (which the test would reward) but her embrace of power politics and authoritarian-adjacent positions makes for a confusing scorecard.

Sinema grew up Mormon and attended Brigham Young University, then left the church and has described her spirituality as personal and non-institutional. She was the first openly bisexual person elected to Congress and the first openly bisexual U.S. Senator. However, the test scores the record — and Sinema’s record in the Senate has been a consistent source of frustration for people who expected the first bisexual senator to be an advocate for the vulnerable. She blocked the child tax credit expansion that would have lifted millions of children out of poverty. She killed the carried interest loophole closure that would have taxed wealthy investors at the same rate as workers. She used her power as a swing vote primarily to protect wealthy donors and financial industry clients. She dressed as a 1950s housewife to celebrate voting against raising the minimum wage. She then left the Democratic Party entirely and became an Independent. A Non-Follower: the identity was groundbreaking; the governance was not.

Rogan is not religious but describes himself as spiritual. His podcast has been one of the most influential media platforms in the world. He has platformed voices who spread misinformation (for which he took significant criticism). His personal advocacy includes some support for criminal justice reform and against the drug war — areas the test rewards. He loses points for his COVID misinformation period, his embrace of right-wing politics including Trump, and his relative indifference to the suffering of marginalized communities compared to his personal liberty concerns. A Non-Follower — some instincts right, the politics and truth record complicate it.

The Florida congressman is vocally Christian and frequently invokes faith. However, his voting record — opposing social safety nets, reproductive healthcare, gun reform, and immigration protections while supporting the wealthy and powerful — runs counter to much of Jesus’s recorded teaching. He would likely answer many knowledge questions correctly (he knows his Bible) but the WWJD section would be a rough landing. Christianity by label is a different skill set than Christianity by content.

Iger was born into a Jewish family on Long Island and identifies as Jewish; he married in an interfaith Jewish and Catholic ceremony. He describes himself as a centrist and previously identified as a Democrat. As Disney CEO he presided over extraordinary corporate expansion — acquiring Pixar, Marvel, Lucasfilm, and 21st Century Fox in succession, growing Disney’s market cap from $56 billion to over $230 billion. He has been a significant philanthropist and won a Corporate Humanitarian Award. However, the test’s framework rewards the poor and vulnerable specifically, not philanthropic giving from a position of extreme wealth and power. His net worth exceeds $700 million. His tenure included significant labor disputes and worker exploitation concerns. His executive compensation exceeded $27 million per year. The scale of wealth accumulation, corporate consolidation, and labor conflict sit uncomfortably with the Gospel’s consistent teaching on wealth, workers, and the vulnerable. A Non-Follower: genuinely charitable in some respects, but the record of empire-building and labor treatment are exactly what the test’s questions on wealth are designed to probe.

Gorsuch was raised Catholic but now attends an Episcopal church. His jurisprudence is originalist and generally conservative, though he has occasionally surprised — most notably writing the majority opinion in Bostock v. Clayton County, ruling that the Civil Rights Act protects LGBTQ workers. He has also sided with Native American tribal rights in ways that surprised observers. His broader record on voting rights, immigration, and workers’ rights is mixed-to-poor from the test’s perspective. A more complicated figure than his conservative label suggests.

Kennedy has a genuine record of environmental advocacy that would score well on the test’s stewardship questions. He has also spread extensively debunked vaccine misinformation, promoted conspiracy theories, and has made spreading falsehood — directly addressed by Question 3 — a central feature of his public identity in recent years. His faith background (Catholic) is real but his record on truth is a significant liability on this particular exam.

The Speaker of the House is a Southern Baptist who has described himself as a ‘Bible-believing Christian’ and said the answer to every policy question can be found in scripture — go pick up a Bible and read it, he told Sean Hannity, ‘that’s my worldview.’ He was also the lead attorney attempting to overturn the 2020 election results, which involved promoting claims that more than 60 courts found to be without merit. His record on the poor, immigrants, gun reform, and healthcare consistently opposes the vulnerable in favor of the powerful. He has spent his career working against LGBTQ rights, arguing that homosexuality is ‘sinful’ and ‘destructive.’ He knows his Bible. The test suggests he may have misread large sections of it — particularly the parts where Jesus talks to and about actual people.

Greenwood is a country singer best known for ‘God Bless the USA,’ a song that has become a staple of Trump rallies. He is a Christian who has spoken sincerely about his faith and his love of country. He loses points for his very close association with a political figure the test scores near the bottom of this list, and for his support of policies that consistently harm the vulnerable. His charitable work gets credit. A Non-Follower — sincere faith, complicated political associations.

Jenner is a Protestant Christian who has spoken about her faith. Her political journey has been complicated — a trans Republican whose party has increasingly passed legislation targeting trans people, including herself. She initially supported Trump before expressing disappointment, and has made statements on trans issues that have drawn criticism from both communities. She scores points for her visibility and personal courage in transition, loses points for supporting political positions that harm vulnerable communities including trans youth.

Barrett is a devout Catholic and member of People of Praise, a charismatic Catholic covenant community. Her faith appears genuine and deeply held. Her judicial record on voting rights, labor protections, and immigration cases consistently favors the powerful over the marginalized. A sincere believer whose jurisprudence raises questions about which parts of the Gospel she reads most closely.

Meyer is a gifted speaker and her personal story of surviving abuse is genuinely inspiring. Her charitable work through Hand of Hope reaches hundreds of thousands worldwide, which would score well on the test. However, she was investigated by the U.S. Senate for lavish spending — private jets, luxury furniture, multiple homes, all paid by ministry funds — and was specifically called out by other Christian leaders for prosperity gospel teachings that the test identifies as contradicting Jesus’s actual words.

Graham is a Southern Baptist from South Carolina who was once considered a foreign policy moderate and occasionally showed genuine moral courage — before 2016, when he seemingly decided that moral courage was not compatible with political survival. His current record on immigration, the poor, and the marginalized reads as deeply contrary to the test’s framework.

The Education Secretary made her fortune in professional wrestling — an industry built on scripted violence, exploitation of performers, and cheerful fakery — then pivoted to educational policy focused on eliminating the department she was appointed to lead. She is not particularly vocal about faith. Her policy record on protecting the vulnerable in education leans strongly against the test’s framework.

Rubio has a complicated faith history — born Catholic, briefly Mormon in childhood, now attending both a Catholic parish and a Southern Baptist congregation. His voting record — opposing immigration reform, healthcare expansion, gun reform after Parkland (which occurred in his state), and social safety nets — runs contrary to the test’s framework despite his frequent invocations of faith. He knows his scripture. His voting record suggests he has been more influenced by the Epistles on personal piety than by the Sermon on the Mount on social responsibility.

Once a moderate Republican, Stefanik executed one of the more complete ideological transformations in recent political memory — becoming one of Trump’s most reliable defenders at the cost of nearly every centrist position she previously held. Her current voting record and public statements routinely oppose the poor, immigrants, and the marginalized while supporting the powerful and wealthy.

Osteen preaches the Prosperity Gospel — the belief that God rewards faith with material wealth — which the test directly addresses in multiple questions and identifies as the antithesis of what Jesus taught. He lives in a $16 million mansion, refused to open his 17,000-seat church during Hurricane Harvey, and has made $100+ million preaching a message that Jesus explicitly contradicted in Luke 6:24 (‘Woe to you who are rich’). He would know the answers to the Bible trivia questions. He would then answer the WWJD questions based on a theology that inverts Jesus’s actual teachings.

Gibson is a Traditional Latin Mass Catholic of the most devout variety — he funded and built his own chapel outside Los Angeles dedicated to the pre-Vatican II rite, and financed The Passion of the Christ himself as an act of devotion. He would score very high on scripture knowledge; he knows the Gospels in detail. He loses enormous points for his documented anti-Semitic rants during a 2006 DUI arrest, his history of abusive behavior toward a former partner (documented in leaked recordings), and personal conduct that contradicts the faith he holds so publicly. The test rewards consistency between stated belief and actual conduct toward other people. The gap here is significant.

Hawley has built a brand around muscular Christian nationalism. He raised his fist in solidarity with the January 6th crowd, then was photographed sprinting away when things got dangerous. That combination — performative strength followed by literal running — is actually quite biblical, just not in the way he intends. His voting record consistently favors the wealthy, opposes immigrants and refugees, and supports political power accumulation in ways Jesus specifically declined.

The Arkansas governor is a vocal evangelical Christian who has spoken often about her faith. She has also opposed Medicaid expansion in Arkansas, signed legislation restricting LGBTQ rights, opposed gun reform after mass shootings, and as White House Press Secretary built a career on publicly defending statements that multiple fact-checkers documented as false — directly relevant to Question 3 on truth.

The Attorney General accepted a $25,000 campaign donation from the Trump Foundation in 2013 and subsequently declined to investigate Trump University fraud claims as Florida AG — a coincidence that legal scholars find interesting. Her current role has involved aggressive pursuit of political opponents and immigrants. She is not particularly vocal about faith but her record of favoring the powerful over the powerless scores consistently below the test’s threshold.

Dr. Oz (Mehmet Oz) is a Muslim who has used his medical platform to promote health misinformation to millions of viewers — dubious supplements, unproven treatments, and medical claims that health organizations have repeatedly called false. His Senate campaign in Pennsylvania was marked by numerous false or misleading statements. The test’s Question 3 on truth is directly applicable to a medical doctor who has spent decades promoting misinformation for personal profit. He loses additional points for his policy positions opposing healthcare access for those who can’t afford it.

Kavanaugh is a Catholic who was confirmed to the Supreme Court after contentious hearings involving credible sexual assault allegations (which he denied). His judicial record has been generally conservative — ruling against workers, immigration protections, and voting rights in most high-stakes cases. A Non-Follower — his professed faith has not visibly shaped his public record in the direction the Gospel points.

Shapiro is an Orthodox Jew who takes his faith seriously and whose Jewish identity is genuinely meaningful to him. The test is based on Jesus’s teachings specifically. On the behavioral questions: Shapiro has built a career on systematic contemptuous dismissal of the poor (‘facts don’t care about your feelings’), opposition to healthcare as a right, and mockery of LGBTQ communities — all directly contrary to the test’s framework. He would know the difference between Leviticus and the Gospels and would likely argue the test is theologically biased. He would score accordingly.

The former South Dakota governor and current Homeland Security Secretary is a vocal evangelical Christian. She also shot her dog in a gravel pit and put that in her memoir as an example of her ‘toughness.’ She has opposed Medicaid expansion that would have helped poor South Dakotans, pushed aggressive immigration enforcement, and has used her Christian identity primarily as a political branding tool.

Beck is a convert to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS/Mormon), which he has described as saving his life from addiction and depression. His faith appears genuine. His broadcasting career — built on fear, conspiracy theories, weeping performances, and the systematic demonization of political opponents — is harder to reconcile with the Gospels. He has promoted demonstrably false claims about political figures and built a media empire on division. He knows scripture and has spoken about his faith sincerely. The gap between the sincerity and the career is what the test measures.

Trump’s personal ‘spiritual advisor’ and prosperity gospel televangelist has asked followers to send her their ‘first fruits’ of January — meaning their first paycheck of the year — as a ‘seed offering.’ She once said that people who oppose Trump are ‘demonic’ and that opposing him means opposing God. She is on her third marriage. She preaches a prosperity gospel that the test directly identifies as the opposite of Jesus’s actual teaching.

Kelly was raised Catholic and has spoken about her faith. She departed Fox News after years of immigration-hostile and Trump-friendly commentary, and had a brief period of more journalistic independence at NBC before returning to a more combative media identity. Her public record on immigrants, the poor, and marginalized communities is mostly contrary to the test’s framework. She scores some points for occasional genuine independence and for condemning the most extreme elements of her former network. A Non-Follower.

The Texas governor is a Catholic who routinely invokes faith. He has also overseen the deployment of razor wire along the Rio Grande to repel asylum seekers, signed legislation limiting healthcare for the poor, opposed gun reform after mass shootings while posting thoughts and prayers, and used state resources to bus migrants to other cities as a political stunt. The gap between his public Christianity and his actual governance is so wide you could fly one of Kenneth Copeland’s jets through it.

The Florida senator and former governor oversaw the largest Medicare fraud settlement in U.S. history when he ran Columbia/HCA (the company paid $1.7 billion in fines). He has since opposed healthcare expansion, cut services for the poor, and proposed sunsetting Social Security and Medicare. He invokes Christianity occasionally but his record suggests a different primary loyalty.

Palin is a born-again evangelical Christian who has spoken about her faith being central to her identity. Her political record includes opposition to healthcare expansion, welfare programs, and immigration. She has been involved in several public controversies involving truth and personal conduct. She would score reasonably on scripture knowledge and poorly on the WWJD scenarios involving wealth, the poor, and truth.

O’Reilly is a Catholic who has written multiple books about Jesus and spoken often about his faith. He was also found liable for serial sexual harassment and paid millions in settlements, was fired from Fox News, and spent years using his platform to demean immigrants, the poor, and marginalized communities while claiming Catholic values. The gap between his stated faith and his documented conduct is, by the test’s measure, disqualifying in key areas. A Non-Follower: he knows the religion but does not appear to have read the Sermon on the Mount as instructions.

Cruz is a Southern Baptist who has made his evangelical faith the loudest and most consistent feature of his public identity. He has attended evangelical schools since childhood, regularly quotes scripture, and has described his political calling in explicitly ministerial terms. Yet his record includes fleeing to Cancun during a deadly Texas winter storm while his constituents froze and then blaming his daughters for the trip; endorsing Trump after calling him ‘not qualified to be president’; publicly calling for policies that have consistently harmed the poor and immigrants; and being nicknamed ‘Lyin’ Ted’ — a label he objected to, then accepted, then embraced when politically convenient. He knows his Bible extremely well. The test suggests the WWJD scenarios involving truth, consistency, and care for the poor would be a rough landing.

Erika Kirk (born Erika Frantzve) is Charlie Kirk’s widow and the current CEO of Turning Point USA — one of the most prominent conservative organizations in the country. She was described by Charlie himself as ‘by far’ the more conservative of the two (‘I am a moderate compared to Erika’). She was raised Catholic but practices evangelical Christianity, founded BIBLEin365, hosts the faith-based podcast Midweek Rise Up, and is pursuing a doctorate in biblical studies at Liberty University. Her public platform is built on traditional gender roles (‘When you meet the right man, everything shifts — I could care less about a career’), framing motherhood as ‘the single most important ministry’ for women, and continuing her husband’s Christian nationalist mission. She speaks of her husband as her ‘alpha’ and describes his mission — dehumanizing immigrants, opposing LGBTQ rights, undermining democratic institutions — as now her own. The test awards her genuine faith devotion, charitable work, and the nonprofit Everyday Heroes Like You. It penalizes her advocacy for political positions directly contrary to Jesus’s teachings on immigrants, the poor, and the vulnerable. She knows her scripture. The test’s score reflects the gap between that knowledge and the movement she has chosen to lead.

Boebert has declared that the church must ‘run the government’ and that the separation of church and state makes her ‘sick.’ She is also famously the only member of Congress to have been caught vaping, groping her date, and performing other acts at a Denver theater production of Beetlejuice — while doing so in front of children. She quotes Bible verses regularly on social media between AR-15 endorsements. The test awards points for consistency between stated beliefs and behavior. Boebert scores accordingly.

Carlson is a self-described Episcopalian who has referred to his own denomination as ‘the shallowest faith tradition ever invented.’ His journalism has occasionally shown genuine independence — he has opposed military interventions and called out corporate corruption. However, his career has also been built on systematic demonization of immigrants, refugees, and the poor, and he has amplified conspiracy theories and foreign propaganda in ways directly relevant to the test’s questions on truth. A Non-Follower: some correct instincts, a career built on their opposite.

Robertson (deceased 2023) blamed 9/11 on gay people, blamed Hurricane Katrina on abortion, called for the assassination of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, and ran a lucrative diamond mining operation in Liberia through a ‘humanitarian’ charity. He was a genuinely influential figure in American Christianity who spent decades teaching that wealth is a sign of God’s blessing — which the test directly identifies as false in Question 10.

Florida’s governor is a Catholic who has made a political brand out of targeting the marginalized. He flew migrants from Texas to Martha’s Vineyard as a political stunt. He signed legislation restricting discussion of LGBTQ issues in schools. He has opposed gun reform after mass shootings including Parkland. He has cut Medicaid, opposed refugee resettlement, and turned ‘woke’ into a slur, with ‘woke’ apparently defined as ‘aware that other people exist and have needs.’ He invokes faith. The test would like a word.

Conway is a Catholic who coined the phrase ‘alternative facts’ — which is, by any theological definition, a euphemism for falsehood. The test’s Question 3 on truth (John 8:32: ‘The truth will set you free’) is directly applicable. Her career in service of demonstrably false claims, her advocacy for policies that consistently harm the poor and marginalized, and her public persona built on combative deception place her in the Anti-Christ tier by the test’s framework.

Watters is a Catholic who has built his career on contempt for immigrants, the poor, and marginalized communities. He routinely mocks those in need on national television and has used his platform to dehumanize the very people Jesus consistently identified as central to his mission. His personal conduct has included an affair with a producer he later married while still married to his first wife. The test rewards consistency between stated values and actual behavior. Watters scores accordingly.

The Commerce Secretary and former Wall Street titan has built a career maximizing returns for the already-wealthy. His policy work in the current administration has focused on tariffs, deregulation, and trade policies that largely benefit corporations. He is Jewish and does not claim Christianity, but by the test’s behavioral framework, his record of prioritizing the powerful over the poor scores accordingly.

Hannity attended Catholic school but has left the institutional Catholic Church. His decades-long career have been defined by consistent promotion of falsehood — he was among the most prominent promoters of claims about the 2020 election that he privately acknowledged to be untrue, as revealed in the Fox News Dominion lawsuit — directly relevant to the test’s Question 3 on truth. His record on immigration, the poor, and the marginalized consistently opposes the people Jesus said to serve.

The current FBI Director has made his name primarily through personal loyalty to Donald Trump and the promise to use law enforcement against perceived political enemies. He published a children’s book in which he is a dragon-slaying hero. His public record offers little evidence of engagement with the poor, the marginalized, or the teachings of Jesus. He has, however, published a list of journalists and political figures he would like to investigate. Jesus kept a list too, but it worked differently.

Ingraham is a Catholic who wears a cross on television and has spoken about her faith. Her public record includes mocking a Parkland school shooting survivor to her millions of viewers, decades of rhetoric dehumanizing immigrants, and consistent use of her platform to advocate against the poor, marginalized, and vulnerable. She adopted three children from poverty, which the test credits. But a career’s worth of cruelty in the name of political entertainment is difficult to reconcile with ‘Love your enemies’ (Matthew 5:44) or ‘I was a stranger and you welcomed me’ (Matthew 25:35).

Justice Alito is a devout Catholic whose jurisprudence reflects a power-favoring interpretation of rights that is difficult to reconcile with Catholic social teaching’s emphasis on the poor, the immigrant, and the marginalized. He authored the Dobbs decision overturning Roe, has ruled to restrict voting rights, has sided with corporations over workers, and has been the subject of ethics controversies including flying flags associated with the January 6th movement at his homes. He knows his Catechism. His record on the bench suggests he has found the parts about property rights more compelling than the parts about the widow and the orphan.

Kent is an evangelical Christian and former Green Beret who has associated with white nationalist figures and promoted election denialism. His political positions — on immigration, the poor, and the marginalized — are consistently opposed to the test’s framework. He would score adequately on scripture knowledge and very poorly on the WWJD scenarios.

Mullin is a born-again evangelical Christian and member of the Cherokee Nation who represents Oklahoma in the Senate. His evangelical faith appears sincere. His voting record — consistently against healthcare expansion, immigration protections, and social safety nets — runs contrary to the test’s framework. He challenged a union leader to a fistfight during a Senate hearing. The test’s questions on peace, truth, and care for the poor and immigrant are all relevant here.

The Defense Secretary famously said he hadn’t washed his hands in ten years because ‘germs aren’t real.’ He has been credibly accused of sexual assault (which he denied), was reported to drink heavily, and was installed in his role through a combination of Fox News appearances and personal loyalty to Trump rather than relevant experience. He has visible Christian tattoos and has spoken about his faith. The test measures the distance between professed faith and lived behavior. In Hegseth’s case, that distance is considerable.

Bongino is a Catholic and former Secret Service agent who built a media career on political aggression, conspiracy theory promotion, and dehumanization of political opponents. His record on immigration, the poor, and truth-telling is directly contrary to the test’s framework across almost every question.

Thomas is a Catholic who has ruled consistently against the poor, against voting rights, against workers, and against the interests of marginalized communities for over three decades. His wife Ginni Thomas was deeply involved in efforts to overturn the 2020 election. He accepted millions of dollars in gifts from wealthy benefactors without disclosure for years, in violation of ethical norms. He has called for overturning same-sex marriage and contraception access. The test’s scenario about wealthy religious figures living luxuriously while claiming to serve God applies here with particular force.

McConnell is a Baptist who has been the most consequential legislative force against social programs, healthcare access, and protections for the poor in American politics for four decades. He blocked COVID relief for months during a pandemic that killed hundreds of thousands. His career has been a masterclass in using procedural power to ensure the interests of the wealthy prevail over the needs of the many. The test’s questions about power, the poor, and truth all apply here with particular force.

Kid Rock (Robert Ritchie) was raised Christian and has occasionally referenced his faith. His public record includes shooting up cases of Bud Light with a machine gun to protest the company’s LGBTQ marketing, extensive derogatory public statements about various groups, and a lifestyle and media persona built primarily on aggression, excessive wealth, and contempt for the vulnerable. The test rewards consistency between stated Christian identity and actual behavior toward others. Kid Rock is a consistent data point in the opposite direction.

The current ‘border czar’ built his career on immigration enforcement and has described mass deportation operations with enthusiasm that does not align with any recorded teaching of Jesus on the treatment of strangers, immigrants, or the vulnerable. He has referred to migrants in dehumanizing terms, overseen operations separating families, and spoken of his work in terms of warfare. Jesus said quite a bit about welcoming the stranger. ‘Vermin’ was not the word he used.

Bezos is the founder of Amazon and one of the richest people in human history. He has built his empire in part on documented exploitation of warehouse workers — inadequate bathroom breaks, punishing productivity quotas, high injury rates, systematic opposition to unionization. He owns a superyacht so large it required a historic Dutch bridge to be temporarily dismantled to let it through. He has donated to charitable causes at a rate that represents a small fraction of his wealth. The test’s questions on the rich and the poor, on stewardship, and on the treatment of workers are addressed directly to Bezos’s biography.

MTG has become something of a landmark in the field of Christianity-by-branding. She regularly poses with AR-15s in front of Bible verses, has called for political opponents to be imprisoned, been removed from all her congressional committees for promoting violent political rhetoric, and has made claims including that the 2018 California wildfires were caused by Jewish-owned space lasers. Jesus said ‘Blessed are the peacemakers.’ Greene has made a career of the opposite.

Musk has described himself variously as ‘not religious’ and ‘a cultural Christian,’ which appears to mean he likes Western civilization but finds the actual teachings of Jesus inconvenient. He is the richest person in human history and spent $44 billion buying a website primarily to restore the accounts of people banned for hate speech. Jesus’s views on the rich are not ambiguous (see: camel, eye of needle). His recent political activities — pouring hundreds of millions into elections, cutting government services for the poor, and publicly mocking the disabled — suggest the Sermon on the Mount is not his operating system.

Leavitt is Trump’s press secretary and a Catholic. She has made her career defending claims that fact-checkers consistently document as false or misleading — directly relevant to Question 3. Her public record contains no significant evidence of advocacy for the poor, the immigrant, or the marginalized. A young public figure whose existing record points consistently in the direction the test penalizes.

Kirk (1993-2025), founder of Turning Point USA and a Calvary Chapel evangelical, was assassinated on September 10, 2025, while speaking at Utah Valley University. His faith became increasingly central to his public identity in his final years. The test must nevertheless score the record he compiled: he used his platform to dehumanize immigrants, mock the poor, oppose healthcare access, promote demonstrably false claims, and build an organization explicitly dedicated to imposing Christian nationalist politics on every level of American society. He knew his scripture. The test scores the gap between what scripture actually says and what his platform actually did.

Koch is one of the architects of the modern conservative movement, having spent billions systematically dismantling regulations, opposing climate action, fighting unions and workers’ rights, and funding campaigns against healthcare access for ordinary Americans. He has acknowledged climate change is real while funding organizations that deny it. The test’s questions on stewardship of creation, care for the poor, and the relationship between wealth and righteousness are directly addressed by Koch’s biography.

Barr was raised Jewish and has described a complex, shifting spiritual identity. Her career includes a genuine early period of advocacy for working-class communities. Her recent period has been defined by racist tweets that cost her her show (comparing a Black woman to an ape), QAnon promotion, antisemitic conspiracy theories, and association with the most extreme fringes of right-wing politics. The test rewards the earlier career chapters and penalizes the recent ones heavily.

Vance is a sincere Catholic convert — baptized in 2019 with Augustine as his confirmation saint — who has written thoughtfully about how his faith shapes his worldview. He clearly means it. The problem is what he means it to mean. He has invoked the Catholic concept of ordo amoris to justify a policy of mass deportation and deliberate cruelty toward immigrants and asylum seekers — an interpretation publicly rejected as a misreading of Catholic teaching by both Pope Francis and Pope Leo XIV, who rebuked him by name on social media shortly after his election. He spread the fabricated claim that Haitian immigrants in Springfield, Ohio were eating pets, was told by city officials there was no evidence, and responded by telling supporters to ‘keep the cat memes flowing.’ He attacked Catholic bishops for their refugee resettlement work — the literal Matthew 25 ministry — accusing them of being motivated by funding rather than faith. He has called childless Americans ‘cat ladies’ and argued they should bear higher tax burdens. He is the second Catholic Vice President of the United States. Pope Leo XIV’s first public rebuke as pope was directed at him. The test’s score reflects a career that has inverted nearly every teaching Jesus gave on immigrants, the poor, and the vulnerable, while citing the faith that contains those teachings as its justification.

Jones (the InfoWars conspiracy theorist) claims to be Christian but has attacked all organized Christian denominations as institutions of government control. He was ordered to pay nearly $1.5 billion in damages to the families of Sandy Hook shooting victims — families whose lives he destroyed by falsely claiming the massacre was staged with ‘crisis actors.’ He spread this lie for years to millions of followers. Question 3 of the test — about truth being sacred and falsehood being incompatible with following Jesus — could not be more directly applicable. He combines Christian nationalist rhetoric with contempt for organized Christianity, resulting in a unique spiritual incoherence that the test scores accordingly.

Limbaugh (1951-2021) was the pioneering voice of right-wing radio who described himself as Christian and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Donald Trump. His career was built on systematic mockery of the poor, immigrants, people with disabilities, women, and minority communities. He coined dehumanizing terms for political opponents that became standard conservative vocabulary. He promoted demonstrably false information consistently. The test’s questions on truth, love of enemies, and care for the marginalized would each score near zero for a career built on their direct opposite.

Stone converted to Catholicism and was convicted of seven felony counts including witness tampering, lying to Congress, and obstruction of justice (commuted by Trump). He has dedicated his career to political dirty tricks, character assassination, and spreading demonstrably false information. The test’s Question 3 on truth is particularly relevant. He credits his Catholic faith. The test credits the record.

Trump has publicly mocked POWs, disabled reporters, and gold-star families. He has been credibly accused of sexual assault by dozens of women. He has separated children from parents at the border, called immigrants ‘animals’ and ‘vermin,’ bragged about grabbing women without consent, launched personal vendettas against perceived enemies, attempted to overturn a democratic election, and uses Christianity almost entirely as a branding tool. He once attempted to sell a Bible for $60 while in the midst of a criminal trial. He has been married three times, admits he has never asked God for forgiveness, and his public prayer consists almost entirely of photo opportunities.

Bannon was convicted of contempt of Congress and fraud (pardoned by Trump), and has spent his career building a network designed to use Catholic and evangelical Christianity as political ammunition for far-right nationalism. He has spoken about wanting to ‘tear down the administrative state,’ which in practice means cutting programs that serve the poor, the elderly, and the marginalized. His manipulation of religious identity for political power is precisely what the test’s scenarios on performative religion describe.

Coulter is an Episcopalian who has used her Christian identity primarily as a weapon against perceived enemies. Her career has been built on books systematically dehumanizing immigrants (including calling for mass deportation using terms that echo historical atrocities), and on mockery of the poor, disabled, and marginalized. She once said widows of 9/11 victims were ‘enjoying their husbands’ deaths.’ The test’s questions on loving enemies, welcoming strangers, and caring for the vulnerable are all scored directly against a career that has done the opposite with enthusiasm and profit.

Flynn pleaded guilty to lying to the FBI (pardoned by Trump), and has since become a prominent figure in Christian nationalist circles, calling for ‘one religion under God’ for America and for military intervention to overturn elections. He has dedicated his post-government career to spreading election fraud claims that dozens of courts found to have no merit and to building a religious-political movement based on fear, aggression, and the demonization of perceived enemies. The test’s questions on truth, enemy love, and the refusal to align the Gospel with political power are all directly applicable here.

Giuliani is a Catholic whose post-9/11 reputation as ‘America’s Mayor’ has been entirely consumed by his post-2020 career promoting election fraud claims that courts found to be without any evidentiary basis — he was sanctioned, disbarred in New York, and ordered to pay $148 million in defamation damages to Georgia election workers Ruby Freeman and Shaye Moss, whose lives were destroyed by his false claims. The test’s Question 3 on truth could have been written specifically about Giuliani’s conduct in 2020 and 2021.

Nugent is a vocal evangelical Christian and gun rights activist who has called for the assassination of political opponents (he described Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton as vermin to be shot at a concert while brandishing a machine gun), has been investigated multiple times for threatening public figures, and has spent decades dehumanizing anyone he disagrees with. The test’s questions on love of enemies, truth, and care for the poor and marginalized are all directly applicable. His score reflects a career as close to the opposite of Jesus’s teachings as it is possible to get while claiming the label.

Gaetz was raised in a Christian household and identifies as Christian. His congressional career has been marked by opposition to healthcare access, immigration, and social safety nets, combined with a personal conduct record that includes multiple investigations — including a federal sex trafficking investigation. He was found liable for violating House ethics rules relating to sexual misconduct, illicit drugs, and misuse of resources. He was rejected for the position of Attorney General after the ethics report became public. The gap between his professed Christianity and his documented conduct is among the widest on this list.

Miller, the architect of Trump’s most restrictive immigration policies including family separation, zero tolerance, and the Muslim travel ban, is Jewish and does not claim Christianity. The test is behavioral. By that measure: he separated thousands of children from their parents, implemented policies that left migrants to die in the desert, targeted refugees fleeing violence, and has spoken of immigrants in terms that most theologians would describe as dehumanizing. The Good Samaritan parable (Luke 10) is essentially a direct rebuttal of Miller’s entire career.

Murdoch was born into a Presbyterian family in Australia and has nominally maintained Christian identity. He built a global media empire — News Corp, Fox News, The Sun, The Times — that has been one of the most consistent generators of misinformation, immigrant dehumanization, and promotion of cruelty in political life in the English-speaking world. The Fox News Dominion lawsuit revealed that Murdoch and his network knew their election fraud claims were false and broadcast them anyway. The test’s Question 3 on truth has Murdoch’s media empire written all over it.

Zuckerberg was raised Jewish, identified as an atheist during his early Facebook years, then said in 2016 that ‘religion is very important’ and appears to have returned to a cultural Jewish identity. He met Pope Francis, visited Buddhist temples, and has pledged to give away 99% of his wealth. The test is behavioral. His platform has caused documented, measurable harm to democracy, to the mental health of children and teenagers, and to civil society around the world. Internal documents showed Meta knew Instagram was harmful to teenage girls and continued anyway. He has been sued by over 40 state attorneys general for deliberately harming children for profit. Facebook was used to incite genocide in Myanmar. In early 2025 he dismantled fact-checking, ended DEI programs, loosened hate speech rules to explicitly allow users to call LGBTQ people mentally ill and women ‘property,’ donated $1 million to Trump’s inauguration, and placed a Trump loyalist on his board — a systematic alignment with the people and policies the Gospels most consistently oppose. He testified before Congress and was accused of misleading lawmakers about design choices he knew were addictive. He is currently on trial for harming children. The pledge to give away 99% of his wealth would be admirable if the wealth were not built on a platform doing documented harm to ‘the least of these.’ The test’s score reflects the record.

Copeland is estimated to be worth $300-750 million. He owns a private airport. He called commercial planes ‘tubes full of demons.’ He was investigated by the U.S. Senate for financial impropriety. He told followers to keep tithing even if they lost their jobs during COVID. He has said he cannot fly commercial because he needs his private jet to commune with God. Jesus communed with God in a garden, on a cross, and in a manger. Not once in a Gulfstream V. Copeland scores a generous 8% — 5 points for presumably knowing who Moses is, and 3 for correctly identifying that Jesus existed.

Ailes (1940-2017) built Fox News into one of the most politically influential media organizations in American history — a machine that systematically spread misinformation, dehumanized immigrants and the poor, and used cultural Christianity as a marketing tool while its founder was serially sexually harassing women. He paid millions in settlements, was forced out of Fox News, and died shortly after. The test’s questions on truth, on how we treat ‘the least of these,’ and on performative vs. actual religion were essentially written with figures like Roger Ailes in mind.

Loomer describes herself as a ‘proud Islamophobe,’ has been banned from multiple platforms for hate speech, and has made a career of promoting hatred toward Muslim Americans, immigrants, and anyone she considers an enemy. She identifies as Jewish. The test measures behavior against the teachings of Jesus. On almost every question — welcome the stranger, love your enemies, seek truth, protect the vulnerable — Loomer’s public record is a direct contrast. One of the lowest scores on this list, and the score is earned.

Fuentes is a Catholic who has made virulent antisemitism, white nationalism, and Christian nationalism the explicit core of his public identity. He has said Jews have no place in Western civilization. He has praised Adolf Hitler. He has popularized the slogan ‘Christ is King’ in explicitly antisemitic contexts. The test’s correct answer to Question 11 is that Jesus socialized with people from all backgrounds and regularly criticized in-group purity thinking. Fuentes has built a career on exactly the opposite of that. He is the Anti-Christ entry on this list who most literally inverts Christianity’s core social teachings.